The sensitivity achieved with the hTISIS was between 3- and 7.5-fold higher, depending on the ethanol–water ratio, than that with the conventional sample introduction system, thus permitting accurate lead isotope ratios to be obtained at lower concentration levels without degradation of the precision. The Pt standard sampling cone has been combined with an X-type or H-type skimmer cone, respectively. The performance of both introduction systems has been assessed for two different plasma interfaces. The results obtained when using the hTISIS have been compared to those obtained with a more conventional sample introduction system, i.e., a micro-nebulizer mounted onto a cyclonic spray chamber at room temperature.
A total consumption sample introduction system, the so-called high-temperature Torch-Integrated Sample Introduction System (hTISIS), equipped with a PFA micro-nebulizer and a heated small-volume spray chamber, has been used for (i) reducing the analyte concentration required for obtaining accurate and precise lead isotope ratio results and (ii) mitigating the effect of the ethanol–water ratio on the extent of mass bias. A method has been developed for the direct (no sample pre-treatment and/or isolation of the target analyte from the sample matrix) lead isotopic analysis of bioethanol samples via multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS).
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